Recherche académique et articles sur le produit Biobran MGN-3

Abstract Introduction: Conventional cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, may not be sufficient to eradicate all malignant cells and prevent recurrence. Intensive treatment often leads to a depressed immune system, drug resistance, and toxicity, hampering the treatment outcomes. BioBran/MGN-3 Arabinoxylan is a standardized arabinoxylan concentrate which has been proposed as a plant-based immunomodulator that can restore the tumor-induced disturbance of the natural immune system, including natural killer cell activity to fight cancer, complementing conventional therapies. Objectives: To comprehensively review the available evidence on the effects and efficacies of MGN-3 as a complementary therapy for conventional cancer treatment. Methods: Systematic search of ... Read more

Abstract. Aging is associated with a decline in natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cell function that may contribute to increased susceptibility to malignancy and infection. A preliminary investigation was conducted examining the hypothesis that arabinoxylan rice bran (Biobran/MGN-3), a denatured hemicellulose with known immunomodulatory activity, could counteract this decline in NK/NKT cell activity in geriatrics. A total of 12 healthy geriatric subjects of both sexes and over 56 years old, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of six subjects served as control and six subjects ingested Biobran/MGN-3 (500 mg/day) for 30 days. The effect of Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation on NK/NKT cell activity was assessed using the degranulation ... Read more

Background: Targeting hyperactive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade has proven to be an effective treatment for a variety of different cancers. Using an important member of this cascade, namely MEK (mitogen activated extracellular signal regulation kinase) inhibitors, the clinical responses are often transient and complete remission is rarely observed. Outgrowth of resistant clones within progressed tumors appears to be inevitable. Recent immunological and clinical observations suggest that in background of this resistance the tumor-.induced disturbance of immunoregulation at least in part may play a role. Namely, it was shown that growth factor receptor signaling pathway inhibitors can increase the immune sensitivity of tumor cells, but they can’t activate the ... Read more

MGN-3/Biobran is a denatured hemicellulose obtained by reacting rice bran hemicellulose with multiple carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes from Shiitake mushrooms. Over the last 24 years, our fundamental research objective has been to study the biotherpeutic activity of MGN-3 as a treatment for cancer based on its ability to activate the immune system. This objective has been pursued in vitro, and in animal and human studies. This review is focused on the immunomodulatory effects of MGN-3 and on its potential as an anticancer agent. In vitro studies showed that culturing different human and murine cancer cell lines with MGN-3 resulted in a reduction of the survival rate of cancer cells. In vivo studies have also shown that MGN-3 induces tumor regression in several models of animal bearing tumo ... Read more

Current treatments for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) have severe side effects and are very expensive. There is a need to explore effective natural therapies against HCV that are less toxic and more cost-effective. In the current study, 37 chronic HCV patients were randomized into two groups and treated with either pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) plus ribavirin (n = 21) or Biobran, an arabinoxylan from rice bran (1 g/day) (n = 16). We examined viremia, liver enzymes, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in serum, and toxicity before and three months after treatment. Both groups showed a significant and similar reduction in viral load after three months of treatment relative to the baseline viral load (P <0.05). In addition, treatment with Biobran resulted in a significant increase in the level of IFN-γ ... Read more

Angiogenesis is implicated in diverse pathological conditions such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, and retinal neovascularization. In the present study, we investigated the effects of modified rice bran hemicellulose (MRBH), a water-soluble hemicellulose preparation from rice bran treated with shiitake enzymes, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in vitro and its mechanism. We found that MRBH significantly inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured with human dermal fibroblasts. We also observed that MRBH dose-dependently suppressed the VEGF-induced proliferation and migration of HUVECs. Furthermore, examination of the anti-angiogenic mechanism indicated that MRBH reduced no ... Read more

Introduction: Although modern therapies for cancer have improved life expectancy, the management of disease and improvement of quality of life (QoL) of patients, especially managing cancer-related pain and chronic fatigue syndrome are still limited. We demonstrate the efficacy of a combined therapy to treat cancer patients suffering from CFS. The effects of a combined therapy in cancer patients suffering from CFS was evaluated. NK cells were stimulated, additional tumour treatment together with targeted radiofrequency therapy (Oncothermia). Methods: SIXTY patients with CFS (due to suffering from any type of cancer) were recruited, (according to the Centres for Disease Control 1994 criteria) attending an outpatient specialist CFS service for controlled pilot study. A total of 25 par ... Read more

Background aims. Natural killer cell (NK) cytotoxic activity plays a major role in natural immunologic defences against malignancies. NK cells are emerging as a tool for adoptive cancer immunotherapies. Arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) has been described as a biological response modifier that can enhance the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. This study evaluated the effect of MGN-3/Biobran on NK cell activation, expansion and cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cells. Methods. NK cells were enriched with magnetic beads and stimulated with MGN-3/Biobran. NK cell activation was evaluated via analysis of their phenotype, and their expansion capability was tracked. The in vitro cytotoxic ability of the activated NK cells was tested against K562, Jurkat, A673, NB1691, A-204, RD and RH-30 cel ... Read more

Arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) has been shown to be a potent biological response modifier (BRM) that activates different arms of the immune system, including dendritic cells (DCs), which prime CD4+ helper T-cell responses. The present study explores the ability of MGN-3-activated DCs to prime CD8+ T cells and examines the mechanisms underlying its effect. Human monocyte-derived DCs were treated with MGN-3 (20 and 40 µg/ml). Results indicate that treatment with MGN-3 caused DCs to prime higher granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells. Tumor lysate-pulsed MGN-3 DC also increased tumor cell killing compared to DC-stimulated CD8+ T cells. This was associated with: i) increased expression of DEC-205 in MGN-3-activated DCs in a dose—dependent manner; and ii) MGN-3 induced significant productio ... Read more

Recently, it was revealed that low grade mucosal inflammation and/or immune imbalance of the lower digestive tract is one of the mechanisms involved in symptom generation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Biobran, arabinoxylan compound derived from rice bran, has been reported to have several biological actions such as anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory effects. So we investigated the therapeutic effects of Biobran in patients with IBS. Method. Forty patientswith diarrhea predominant or mixed type IBS were randomly assigned to either a Biobran group for treatment with Biobran or a placebo group. Therapeutic efficacy and IBS symptoms were assessed subjectively by the patients after 4 weeks of administration. Results. The global assessment was effective in 63.2% of the Bi ... Read more

There is an increased interest in alternative treatments that reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy by lowering the drug concentration, whilst maintaining potency against cancer cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that arabinoxylan from rice bran, MGN-3/Biobran, sensitizes human breast cancer cells (BCC) to daunorubicin (DNR). In the present study, we further evaluated the ability of MGN-3 to sensitize cells to another chemotherapy agent, paclitaxel. Materials and Methods: Non-metastatic MCF-7 (human BCC) and metastatic 4T1 (murine BCC) cells were cultured with different concentrations of paclitaxel in the presence or absence of MGN-3 . Cell survival, DNA damage, and cell proliferation were examined. Results: MGN-3 increased the susceptibility of both types of cancer cells to paclitaxe ... Read more

Background: Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma often has a multifocal tumor pattern with markedly depressed hepatic function, Hepatic resection in many cases results in no long-term benefit. After a chemotherapy hepatic tumors rarely disappear completely and the duration of responses is short, ln the last decades growing evidence suggested that a disturbed balance in the innate system can also play a role in the poor prognosis of hepatic tumors.Objectives: The aim of this article is to present and discuss several favorable clinical responses of patients with hepatic metastases who parallel to conventional oncologic therapy, were treated with immunologically effective and standardized plant extracts.Course of Therapy and Results: In accordance with the bell-shaped dose-response relationshi ... Read more

Objective: The aim of study was to assess the effect of Biobran in reducing of chemotherapy induced side effects in terms of tiredness, anorexia, vomiting and hair loss and quality of life in terms of weight loss. Setting: Radiotherapy Department, Nishtar Hospital  Multan. Material and Methods: Fifty patients of breast cancer were enrolled randomly in two groups. Group—A patients were given 3 gram dose of Biobran MGN-3 per day one week before and one week after chemotherapy. Group-B patient were given chemotherapy alone. Total six cycles of chemotherapy were given. No multivitamin orfood supplements were given during this study. Chemotherapy induced side effects (tiredness, anorexia, and vomiting, hair loss) were assessed by questionnaire to the patients before start of each cycle. Weig ... Read more

The aim of the current study is to examine the protective effect of MGN-3 on overall maintenance of hematopoietic tissue after ƴ-irradiation. MGN-3 is an arabinoxylan from rice bran that has been shown to be a powerful antioxidant and immune modulator. Swiss albino mice were treated with MGN-3 prior to irradiation and continued to receive MGN-3 for 1 or 4 weeks, Results were compared with mice that received radiation (5 Gy rays) only, MGN-3 (40 mg/kg) only and control mice (receiving neither radiation nor MGN-3). At 1 and 4 weeks post-irradiation, different hematological, histopathological and biochemical parameters were examined. Mice exposed to irradiation alone showed significant depression in their complete blood count (CBC) except for neutrophilia. Additionally, histopathological stud ... Read more

D-Galactosamine (GaIN) induces acute hepatitis in experimental animals; this hepatitis has been shown to be suppressed by oral or intraperitoneal administration of modified arabinoxylan from rice bran (MGN—3), and active low molecular fraction isolated from MGN-3 (LMW). We previously reported that this protective mechanism is mediated in part by downregulation of interleukin-18 (IL-18), The present study shows for the Hrst time that nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and CD14 are involved in the suppressive action of LMW on GaIN-induced hepatitis Wistar rats (aged 4 weeks, SLC) were intraperitoneally treated with either MGN—3 or LMW. Then, rats were given GaIN at 400 mg/kg at 1 h after the initial treatment, The serum activity of transaminases (ALT and AST ... Read more

Abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells are central components of innate immunity for controlling tumor growth. The therapeutic effects of certain anti-myeloma drugs are partially mediated by targeting the innate immune response. In addition, novel types of natural compounds have been developed that efficiently modulate the activity of both the cellular and humoral compartments of immunity. MGN-3 is known as an activator of natural killer cells, inducer of apoptosis and cytokine production, and modulator of dendritic cell maturation and differentiation in vitro. We have performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study to examine the effects of MGN-3 on innate immune system parameters in 48 multiple myeloma patients. We performed immunophenotypic analysis of periphera ... Read more

Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound (RBAC) is a nutritional supplement produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose B derived from rice bran. Several in vitro studies and clinical reports have shown RBAC to possess promising immunomodulating effects, specifically with respect to natural killer cell and cytokine activity. The concept of a true immunomodulator is an agent possessing a broad range of activity dependent upon the existing state of health and immunity in the individual host. The present study investigated the immunomodulatory effect of RBAC in a healthy adult human population over 60 days by assessing changes in natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) and cytokines and growth factors. Subjects participated in a two-group, randomized intervention, where one group (n=10) consumed ... Read more

Emerging evidence suggests that dietary rice bran may exert beneficial effects against several types of cancer, such as breast, lung, liver, and colorectal cancer. The chemopreventive potential has been related to the bioactive phytochemrcals present in the bran portion of the rice such as ferulic acid, tricin,B-sitosterol, y-oryzanol, tocotrienols/tocopherols, and phytic acid.  Studies have shown that the anticancer effects of the rice bran-derived bioactive components are mediated through their ability to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and alter cell cycle progression in malignant cells. Rice bran bioactive components protect against tissue damage through the scavenging of free radicals and the blocking of chronic inflammatory responses.  Rice bran phytochemicals have al ... Read more

We investigated in this study the effect of modified arabinoxylan from rice bran (MGN-3) and its fractions on D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced IL-18 expression and hepatitis in rats. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with MGN-3 or fractions of the MGN-3 hydrolysate, or with saline 1 h before administering D-GalN (400 mg/kg B.W.). The serum transaminase activities, IL-18 mRNA expression level in the liver and IL-18 concentration in the serum were determined 24h after injecting D-GalN. Both the oral and intraperitoneal administration of MGN-3 (20 mg/kg B.W.) alleviated D-GalN-induced hepatic injury under these experimental conditions. The low-molecular-weight fraction (LMW) of MGN-3 showed the strongest protective effect on D-GalN-induced liver injury, its main sugar component being glucose. ... Read more

The present study was carried out to investigate the synergistic apoptotic potential of arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) and curcumin (turmeric) on human multiple myeloma (MM) cell line U266 , in vitro. U266 cells were cultured with MGN-3 (50 or 100µg/ml) and curcumin (2.5-10µM) for 3 days. The elfects of MGN-3 and curcumin on the growth and survival of the U266 cells were determined by trypan blue, MTT assay flow cytometry analysis of cancer cell cycle, and apoptosis. Expression of proapoptotic Bax, and antiapoptotic Bcl2 was determined by Western blot analysis. Treatment with MGN—3 alone or curcumin alone caused a dose-dependent inhibition in the proliferation ofU266 cells. However, a synergistic elfect was noticed post-treatment with both agents that maximized at 100µg/ml MGN-3 pl ... Read more

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem with devastating consequences of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. More efficacious treatments, mass immunization programs, and safe injection techniques are essential for eliminating HBV infection and reducing global HBV-related morbidity and mortality. Antiviral therapy has been the primary treatments to date. However, conventional treatment has undesirable side-effects and continuous treatment can lead to the development of resistance. In addition, antiviral medicines are costly, thousands of dollars per year, and are not widely available in many countries, especially in the developing world. BioBran is a food supplement that is combined with conventional treatment to improve the outcome of th ... Read more

Arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN—3/Biobran) is a potent biological response modifier (BRM) that activates natural killer (NK) cells, T cells and monocytes. Currently, little is known regarding the effects of MGN-3 on dendritic cells (DCs), the cell type that bridges innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, we examined the stimulatory effects of MGN-3 on DCs. Human monocyte-derived DCs were treated with MGN-3 at different concentrations (5-20 µg/ml) for 24 hours in vitro. Activation of DCs was determined by assessing the expression of co-stimulatory and maturation markers (CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR) by flow cytometry, and production of cytokines by ELISA. DC function was determined by assessing their ability to activate naive T cells. Activation of T cells was assessed by measuring cell ... Read more

Background and Aims: This study examined the efficacy of arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3) in conjunction with an interventional therapy (IT) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Patients and Methods: A total of sixty-eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (stages I and II) participated in the study. Patients were randomized to receive IT (30 patients, control group) or IT+MGN-3 (38 patients), and randomly divided into two groups using a computer-generated randomization list. Patients and investigators were blinded. IT included transarterial oily chernoembolization (TOCE) or a combination of TOCE and percutaneous ethanol injection treatment (PEIT). Results: Patients in the IT+MGN-3 group showed: (i) lower recurrence ofthe disease, 3l.6% (I2/38), as compared to 46.7% ( ... Read more

BioBran, enzymatically modified arabinoxylan from rice bran was tested for its possible effects on in vitro maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). lmmature DC (iDC) derived from plastic-adhered, lL-4 and GM-CSF treated peripheral monocytes (Mo) were further cultured with cytokine maturation mix l (CMMl; TNF-alfa, lL-1[5 and 1L-6) or CMM2 (LPS and IFN-y) to induce their maturation into mature DC (matDCl or matDC2, respectively). Different concentrations of BioBran (10, 100, 400 and 1000 ug/ml) were applied in the presence or absence of relevant CMM to assess the effects of BioBran on DC maturation processes. BioBran induced maturation of iDC, as these cells cultured with IL-4/GM-CSF/BioBran down-regulated CD14 and CD1a antigens on cell surface and significantly increased expression of ma ... Read more

This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of MGN-3/Biobran, a modified arabinoxylan rice bran. Swiss albino mice were inoculated intramuscularly in the right thigh with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. On Day 8, mice bearing a solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) tumor were treated with MGN-3 via intraperitoneal injection. Tumor growth, cytokine pro-duction, and apoptotic effect of MGN-3 were examined. MGN-3 caused a highly significant delay in both tumor volume (63.27%) and tumor weight (45.2%) as compared to controls (P < 0.01). The mechanisms by which MGN-3 exerts its antitumor effect seem to involve its ability to induce apoptosis and immune modulation. MGN-3 induced a 1.8-fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic SEC cells as determined by flow cyto ... Read more

Phagocytic cells, comprised of neutrophils and moncytyes/macrophages, play a key role in the innate immune response to infection. Our earlier study demonstrated that arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) activates murine peritoneal macrophage and macrophage cell lines. ln this study, we investigated whether MGN-3 can upregulate the phagocytic activity of human phagocytes in peripheral blood to phagocytize Escherichia coli (E. coli), trigger the oxidative burst and produce cytokines. Phagocytic cells were pre-labeled with dichlorofluorescin diacetate dye and were incubated with phycoerythrin-labeled. E. coli in thc presence or absence of MGN-3. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were assessed by flow cytometry. Results showed that treatment with MGN-3 enhanced the phagocytosis of E. coli by ... Read more

  MGN-3/Biobran, a modified form of arabinoxylan from rice bran, is a potent biological response modifier (BRM). Our previous studies demonstrated that MGN-3 sensitizes human leukemia cells to death receptor [CD95]-induced apoptosis [Ghoneum M, Gollapudi S. MGN-3 sen sitizes human T cell leukemia cells to death receptor (CD95)-induced apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2003;20l :41-9]. In this study, we evaluated the chemo-sensitizing activity of MGN-3 against human breast cancer cells (BCCs) in vitro. Methods: BCCs (MCF-7 and HCC70 cells) were cultured with different concentrations of daunorubicin (DNR) (from 1 x10⁻⁹ to 1×10⁻⁶M) in the presence or absence of selected concentrations of MGN-3 (100—1000 µg/ml) for 3 days. Cancer cell survival was determined by MTT assay and drug accumulation was determ ... Read more

In the last years, several immunomodulating antitumor agents have demonstrated in the nature, particularly from Aloe plant and rice bran. However, the major problem concerning the natural antitumor agents is to define their immune mechanisms of action in relation to the more recent advances in tumor immunobiology. At present, the main cause responsible for the lack of an effective antitumor response in advanced cancer patients is belived to be represented by the generation of a subtype of T helper lymphocytes (CD4) with suppressive activity on anticancer immunity, the so-called T regulatory lymphocytes (T reg), which may be clinically identified as CD4*CD25* cells. On this basis, a study was planned to evaluate the effect of rice bran extract arabinoxylan on T reg cell count and percenta ... Read more

Humankind has long thought of aging as a gradual, time-dependent, deterioration in one‘s well-being and quality of life, with an increased incidence and severity of debilitating chronic diseases. However, current medical opinion argues for a fresh, and more enlightened perspective on aging. Indeed, until recently, clinical medicine has focused more upon mitigating the effects of aging rather than reversing the process itself. However, current developments in epigenetics and immunology mean that we are now ready to begin the greater challenge of halting or reversing the aging process. There is a vast body of scientific literature indicating that immune dysregulation — specifically of the innate immune system — may be the determinative factor for the seemingly inevitable functional decline o ... Read more

Apoptosis constitutes a strictly programmed device for the removal of aged, damaged and abnormal cells. Research in the last decade has revealed a promising future for apoptosis-based cancer therapies. However, chemotherapeutic agents exhibit an indiscriminative killing that involves both cancer cells and many normal cells. It is therefore of particular interest to find agents that have the ability to induce apoptotic activity specifically in cancer cells and with minimal side-effects. Interest in microbe-based approaches to cancer therapy has recently reemerged. The use of S. cerevisiae, the baker’s yeast, as a novel approach for the treatment of cancer is based on the concept that tumor cells undergo apoptosis upon phagocytosis of yeast. Our data shows that: 1) Heat killed yeast induces ... Read more

 Abstract: This case report describes an uncommon tumor treated with an unproven medication found by the patient during an Internet search. MGN-3 is an arabinoxylane derived from rice bran that has been enzymatically modified by an extract of the mushroom Hypbomycetes mycelicz. ln vivo murine studies have reported increased natural killer cell activity with MGN-3 supplementation. An in vitro investigation revealed increased tumor necrosis factor or and interferon-y production by peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with MGN-3. In addition, MGN-3 was found to enhance anti-CD95 antibody-induced apoptosis in a human leukemic cell line. This biologic response modifier has been studied in a limited number of patients With human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or cancer, with improvement in ... Read more

lt was recently demonstrated that breast cancer cell lines undergo apoptosis following phagocytosis of S. cerevisiae. The present study was undertaken to determine whether other strains of fungi also induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Eight strains of yeast: C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. kefyr, C. neoformans, Y lipolytica, S. cerevisiae and R. rubra, were evaluated at different developmental stages (small yeast cells, large yeast cells and pseudohyphae). In addition, conidia from I four strains of fungal mycelia: Aspergillus, Aspergillus sp., T rubrum and T tonsurans were evaluated. Breast cancer MCF-7 cells in monolayer were cultured with fungi at a ratio of 1:10, respectively, after which phagocytosis and fungi-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells were examined. The MCF-7 cells were ... Read more

We have recently reported that phagocytosis of killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker’s yeast, induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines MCF-Z, ZR- 75-1 and HCC70. In this study we have evaluated the ejfect of treatment with MGN-3, a modified arabinoxylan from rice bran, on phagocytosis and yeast-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cancer cells were cultured with yeast at a ratio of 1:10 in the absence or presence of MGN-3, and the percentages of phagocytic and apoptotic cancer cells were examined by flow cytometry and by cytospin preparations. Cancer cells treated with MGN-3 exhibited increased percentages of attachment (200%) and uptake of yeast (313%) by MCF-7 cells at 0.5 hr, as compared with cells without MGN-3. In addition, treatment with MGN-3 resulted in a 2 fold in ... Read more

We have recently demonstrated that breast cancer cell (BCC) lines undergo apoptosis following phagocytosis of S. cerevisiae. Arabinoxylan rice bran extract (MGN-3/Biobran) has been shown to enhance this effect. Since previous data were obtained using cells in suspension, the present study was undertaken to examine monolayer BCC that more closely model cancer cell growth. Monolayers of both breast cancer (MCF-7) and non-tumorgenic breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cells grown on glass coverslips were cultured with heat-killed S. cerevisiae at a ratio of 1:10, respectively. MCF-7 cells phagocytized yeast in a time-dependent manner, 6.9% to 14.3% from 1 h to 4 h, respectively, with a 2-fold increase in the presence of MGN-3. On the other hand, there was virtually no phagocytosis of yeast by MCF-10A ... Read more

Arabinoxylan (hereafter called MGN-3) is a plant polysaccharide processed food with a biophylactic action, which mainly contains polysaccharides such as hemicellulose and arabinoxylan and glycoprotein. MGN-3 is known to have various biophylactic actions such as in vitro NK cell activity stimulation and anti-HIV effect. In the present study, the vital defense activating effect of MGN-3 was studied in 3 animal experiments: Experiment 1 examined its effect on the survival in a lipopolysaccharide-induced lethal sepsis model, Experiment 2 studied the anti-stress effect on restraint stress, and Experiment 3 examined its effect on the survival of autoimmune disease-prone (NZB ><NZW) F1 mice.